539 lines
15 KiB
Diff
539 lines
15 KiB
Diff
diff -ur bind-9.2.3-orig//bin/dig/nslookup.8 bind-9.2.3/bin/dig/nslookup.8
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--- bind-9.2.3-orig/bin/dig/nslookup.8 2005-09-30 23:11:23.000000000 +0300
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+++ bind-9.2.3/bin/dig/nslookup.8 2005-09-30 23:10:36.000000000 +0300
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@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
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+.\"
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+.\" ++Copyright++ 1985, 1989
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+.\" -
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+.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989
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+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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+.\"
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+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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+.\" are met:
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+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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+.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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+.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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+.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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+.\" without specific prior written permission.
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+.\"
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+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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+.\" -
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+.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
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+.\"
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+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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+.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
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+.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
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+.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
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+.\" specific, written prior permission.
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+.\"
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+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
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+.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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+.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
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+.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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+.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
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+.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
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+.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
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+.\" SOFTWARE.
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+.\" -
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+.\" --Copyright--
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+.\"
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+.\" @(#)nslookup.8 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
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+.\"
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+.Dd June 24, 1990
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+.Dt NSLOOKUP 8
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+.Os BSD 4
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+.Sh NAME
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+.Nm nslookup
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+.Nd query Internet name servers interactively
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+.Sh SYNOPSIS
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+.Nm nslookup
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+.Op Fl option Ar ...
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+.Op Ar host-to-find | Fl Op Ar server
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+.Sh DESCRIPTION
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+.Ic Nslookup
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+is a program to query Internet domain name servers.
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+.Ic Nslookup
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+has two modes: interactive and non-interactive.
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+Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for
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+information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts
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+in a domain.
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+Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information
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+for a host or domain.
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+.Sh ARGUMENTS
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+Interactive mode is entered in the following cases:
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+.Bl -tag -width "a) "
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+.It a)
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+when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used),
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+.It b)
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+when the first argument is a hyphen (-) and the second argument
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+is the host name or Internet address of a name server.
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+.El
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+.Pp
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+Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address
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+of the host to be looked up
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+is given as the first argument. The optional second argument specifies
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+the host name or address of a name server.
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+.Pp
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+The options listed under the
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+.Dq Li set
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+command below can be specified in
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+the
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+.Pa .nslookuprc
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+file in the user's home directory if they are listed
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+one per line. Options can also be specified
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+on the command line if they precede the arguments and are prefixed with
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+a hyphen. For example, to change the default query type to host information,
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+and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type:
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+.Bd -literal -offset indent
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+ nslookup -query=hinfo -timeout=10
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+.Ed
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+.Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
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+Commands may be interrupted at any time by typing a control-C.
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+To exit, type a control-D
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+.Pq Dv EOF
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+or type
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+.Li exit .
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+The command line length must be less than 256 characters.
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+To treat a built-in command as a host name,
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+precede it with an escape character
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+.Pq .&\\ .
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+.Sy N.B.: An unrecognized command will be interpreted as a host name.
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+.Bl -tag -width "lserver"
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+.It Ar host Op Ar server
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+Look up information for
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+.Ar host
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+using the current default server or using
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+.Ar server ,
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+if specified.
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+If
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+.Ar host
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+is an Internet address and the query type is
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+.Dv A
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+or
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+.Dv PTR ,
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+the name of the host is returned.
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+If
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+.Ar host
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+is a name and does not have a trailing period, the default
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+domain name is appended to the name. (This behavior depends on the state of the
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+.Ic set
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+options
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+.Ic domain , srchlist , defname ,
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+and
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+.Ic search . )
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+.Pp
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+To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to
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+the name.
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+.It Ic server Ar domain
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+.It Ic lserver Ar domain
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+Change the default server to
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+.Ar domain ;
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+.Ic lserver
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+uses the initial server to look up information about
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+.Ar domain ,
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+while
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+.Ic server
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+uses the current default server.
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+If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers
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+that might have the answer are returned.
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+.It Ic root
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+Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space.
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+Currently, the host
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+.Li ns.internic.net
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+is used.
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+(This command is a synonym for
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+.Dq Ic lserver ns.internic.net . )
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+The name of the root server can be changed with the
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+.Dq Ic set root
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+command.
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+.It Xo Ic finger Op Ar name
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+.Op Ic > Ar filename
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+.Xc
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+.It Xo Ic finger Op Ar name
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+.Op Ic >> Ar filename
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+.Xc
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+Connects with the finger server on the current host.
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+The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host
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+was successful and returned address information (see the
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+.Dq Ic set querytype=A
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+command).
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+The
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+.Ar name
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+is optional.
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+.Ic >
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+and
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+.Ic >>
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+can be used to redirect output in the usual manner.
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+.It Xo Ic ls Op Ar option
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+.Ar domain Op Ic > Ar filename
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+.Xc
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+.It Xo Ic ls Op Ar option
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+.Ar domain Op Ic >> Ar filename
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+.Xc
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+List the information available for
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+.Ar domain ,
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+optionally creating or appending to
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+.Ar filename .
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+The default output contains host names and their Internet addresses.
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+.Ar Option
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+can be one of the following:
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+.Bl -tag -width "-a "
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+.It Fl t Ar querytype
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+lists all records of the specified type (see
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+.Ar querytype
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+below).
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+.It Fl a
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+lists aliases of hosts in the domain;
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+synonym for
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+.Dq Fl t Dv CNAME .
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+.It Fl d
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+lists all records for the domain;
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+synonym for
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+.Dq Fl t Dv ANY .
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+.It Fl h
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+lists CPU and operating system information for the domain;
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+synonym for
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+.Dq Fl t Dv HINFO .
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+.It Fl s
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+lists well-known services of hosts in the domain;
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+synonym for
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+.Dq Fl t Dv WKS .
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+.El
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+.Pp
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+When output is directed to a file, hash marks are printed for every
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+50 records received from the server.
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+.It Ic view Ar filename
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+Sorts and lists the output of previous
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+.Ic ls
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+command(s) with
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+.Xr more 1 .
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+.It Ic help
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+.It Ic ?
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+Prints a brief summary of commands.
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+.It Ic exit
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+Exits the program.
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+.It Xo Ic set Ar keyword
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+.Ns Op = Ns Ar value
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+.Xc
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+This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups.
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+Valid keywords are:
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+.Bl -tag -width "class=v"
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+.It Ic all
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+Prints the current values of the frequently-used options to
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+.Ic set .
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+Information about the current default server and host is also printed.
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+.It Ic class= Ns Ar value
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+Change the query class to one of:
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+.Bl -tag -width "HESIOD "
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+.It Dv IN
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+the Internet class
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+.It Dv CHAOS
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+the Chaos class
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+.It Dv HESIOD
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+the MIT Athena Hesiod class
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+.It Dv ANY
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+wildcard (any of the above)
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+.El
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+.Pp
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+The class specifies the protocol group of the information.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Dv IN ;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Ic cl )
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+.It Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic debug
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+.Xc
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+Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is printed about the
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+packet sent to the server and the resulting answer.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic nodebug ;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic deb )
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+.Xc
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+.It Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic d2
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+.Xc
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+Turn exhaustive debugging mode on.
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+Essentially all fields of every packet are printed.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic nod2 )
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+.It Ic domain= Ns Ar name
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+Change the default domain name to
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+.Ar name .
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+The default domain name is appended to a lookup request depending on the
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+state of the
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+.Ic defname
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+and
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+.Ic search
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+options.
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+The domain search list contains the parents of the default domain if it has
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+at least two components in its name.
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+For example, if the default domain
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+is CC.Berkeley.EDU, the search list is CC.Berkeley.EDU and Berkeley.EDU.
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+Use the
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+.Dq Ic set srchlist
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+command to specify a different list.
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+Use the
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+.Dq Ic set all
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+command to display the list.
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+.Pp
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+(Default = value from
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+.Xr hostname 1 ,
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+.Pa /etc/resolv.conf ,
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+or
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+.Ev LOCALDOMAIN;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Ic do )
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+.It Ic srchlist= Ns Ar name1/name2/...
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+Change the default domain name to
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+.Ar name1
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+and the domain search list
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+to
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+.Ar name1 , name2 ,
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+etc. A maximum of 6 names separated by slashes (/)
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+can be specified.
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+For example,
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+.Bd -literal -offset indent
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+set srchlist=lcs.MIT.EDU/ai.MIT.EDU/MIT.EDU
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+.Ed
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+.Pp
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+sets the domain to lcs.MIT.EDU and the search list to the three names.
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+This command overrides the
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+default domain name and search list of the
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+.Dq Ic set domain
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+command.
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+Use the
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+.Dq Ic set all
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+command to display the list.
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+.Pp
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+(Default = value based on
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+.Xr hostname 1 ,
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+.Pa /etc/resolv.conf ,
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+or
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+.Ev LOCALDOMAIN;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Ic srchl )
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+.It Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic defname
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+.Xc
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+If set, append the default domain name to a single-component lookup request
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+(i.e., one that does not contain a period).
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic defname ;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic defname )
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+.Xc
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+.It Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic search
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+.Xc
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+If the lookup request contains at least one period but
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+.Em doesn't
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+end with a trailing period, append the domain names in the domain search list
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+to the request until an answer is received.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic search ;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic sea )
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+.Xc
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+.It Ic port= Ns Ar value
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+Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to
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+.Ar value .
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+.Pp
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+(Default = 53;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Ic \&po )
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+.It Ic querytype= Ns Ar value
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+.It Ic type= Ns Ar value
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+Change the type of information query to one of:
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+.Bl -tag -width "HINFO "
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+.It Dv A
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+the host's Internet address.
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+.It Dv CNAME
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+the canonical name for an alias.
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+.It Dv HINFO
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+the host CPU and operating system type.
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+.It Dv MINFO
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+the mailbox or mail list information.
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+.It Dv MX
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+the mail exchanger.
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+.It Dv NS
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+the name server for the named zone.
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+.It Dv PTR
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+the host name if the query is an Internet address;
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+otherwise, the pointer to other information.
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+.It Dv SOA
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+the domain's
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+.Dq start-of-authority
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+information.
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+.It Dv TXT
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+the text information.
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+.It Dv UINFO
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+the user information.
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+.It Dv WKS
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+the supported well-known services.
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+.El
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+.Pp
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+Other types
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+.Pq Dv ANY, AXFR, MB, MD, MF, NULL
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+are described in the RFC-1035 document.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Dv A ;
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+abbreviations =
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+.Ic q , ty )
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+.It Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic recurse
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+.Xc
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+Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the
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+information.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic recurse ;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic rec )
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+.Xc
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+.It Ic retry= Ns Ar number
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+Set the number of retries to
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+.Ar number .
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+When a reply to a request is not received within a certain
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+amount of time (changed with
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|
+.Dq Ic set timeout ) ,
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+the timeout period is doubled and the request is resent.
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+The retry value controls how many times a request is resent before giving up.
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+.Pp
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+(Default = 4, abbreviation =
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+.Ic ret )
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+.It Ic root= Ns Ar host
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+Change the name of the root server to
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+.Ar host .
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+This affects the
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+.Dq Ic root
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+command.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic ns.internic.net. ;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Ic ro )
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+.It Ic timeout= Ns Ar number
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|
+Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a reply to
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+.Ar number
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+seconds. Each retry doubles the timeout period.
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+.Pp
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+(Default = 5 seconds; abbreviation =
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+.Ic ti )
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+.It Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic vc
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+.Xc
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+Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic novc ;
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+abbreviation =
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+.Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic v )
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+.Xc
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+.It Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic ignoretc
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+.Xc
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+Ignore packet truncation errors.
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+.Pp
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+(Default =
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+.Ic noignoretc ;
|
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+abbreviation =
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+.Xo Op Ic no
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+.Ns Ic ig )
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+.Xc
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+.El
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+.El
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+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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+If the lookup request was not successful, an error message is printed.
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+Possible errors are:
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+.Bl -tag -width "Timed"
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+.It Li Timed out
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+The server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of
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+time (changed with
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+.Dq Ic set timeout= Ns Ar value )
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+and a certain number of retries (changed with
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+.Dq Ic set retry= Ns Ar value ) .
|
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+.It Li \&No response from server
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+No name server is running on the server machine.
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+.It Li \&No records
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+The server does not have resource records of the current query type for the
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+host, although the host name is valid.
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+The query type is specified with the
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+.Dq Ic set querytype
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+command.
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+.It Li Non-existent domain
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+The host or domain name does not exist.
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+.It Li Connection refused
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|
+.It Li Network is unreachable
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+The connection to the name or finger server could not be made
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+at the current time.
|
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+This error commonly occurs with
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+.Ic ls
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|
+and
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|
+.Ic finger
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|
+requests.
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|
+.It Li Server failure
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|
+The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database
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+and could not return a valid answer.
|
|
+.It Li Refused
|
|
+The name server refused to service the request.
|
|
+.It Li Format error
|
|
+The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format.
|
|
+It may indicate an error in
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+.Nm nslookup .
|
|
+.El
|
|
+.Sh FILES
|
|
+.Bl -tag -width "/usr/share/misc/nslookup.helpXXX" -compact
|
|
+.It Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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+initial domain name and name server addresses
|
|
+.It Pa $HOME/.nslookuprc
|
|
+user's initial options
|
|
+.It Pa /usr/share/misc/nslookup.help
|
|
+summary of commands
|
|
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
+.Bl -tag -width "HOSTALIASESXXXX" -compact
|
|
+.It Ev HOSTALIASES
|
|
+file containing host aliases
|
|
+.It Ev LOCALDOMAIN
|
|
+overrides default domain
|
|
+.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
+.Xr named 8 ,
|
|
+.Xr resolver 3 ,
|
|
+.Xr resolver 5 ;
|
|
+RFC-1034,
|
|
+.Dq Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities ;
|
|
+RFC-1035,
|
|
+.Dq Domain Names - Implementation and Specification .
|
|
+.Sh AUTHOR
|
|
+Andrew Cherenson
|